RHEL7.2如何安装二进制MySQL5.7.18-创新互联

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环境：

Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 7.2 (Maipo)

mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz

安装需求：

libaio

MySQL 5.7.19 and later 需要安装libnuma，由于本次测试为5.7.18，不需要安装libnuma.

如之前安装过MySQL，清除一下目录和文件

/etc/my.cnf or the /etc/mysql

rhel7以后需要取消RemoveIPC限制

[root@rhelb mysql]# vi /etc/systemd/logind.conf

#RemoveIPC=yes -> RemoveIPC=no

检查软件包是否安装

[root@rhelb mysql]# rpm -qa | grep libaio

关闭防火墙

[root@rhelb yum.repos.d]# vi /etc/sysconfig/selinux 

SELINUX=enforcing-> SELINUX=disabled

关闭系统THP,rhel7以后和之前关闭THP文件有变化，rhel7及以后关闭方式如下：

[root@rhelb yum.repos.d]# cat /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled 

[always] madvise never

在quiet后添加 transparent_hugepage=never

[root@rhelb yum.repos.d]# cat /etc/default/grub 

GRUB_TIMEOUT=5

GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR="$(sed 's, release .*$,,g' /etc/system-release)"

GRUB_DEFAULT=saved

GRUB_DISABLE_SUBMENU=true

GRUB_TERMINAL_OUTPUT="console"

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="crashkernel=auto rhgb quiet transparent_hugepage=never"

GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY="true"

添加后重启主机

[root@rhelb yum.repos.d]# cat /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled 

always madvise [never]

配置yum源，rhel7以后，新建一个新的yum资料库

[root@rhelb mysql]# mount /dev/sr0 /mnt

[root@rhelb yum.repos.d]# ls -lrt

total 8

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  91 Aug 16 23:11 rhel.repo

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 358 Aug 16 23:12 redhat.repo

[root@rhelb yum.repos.d]# more /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel.repo 

[rhel7_server]

name=added from: file:///rhel7/dvd

baseurl=file:///mnt

enabled=1

gpgcheck=0

安装软件包：

[root@rhelb mysql]# yum -y install libaio.x86_64

......

Installed:

  libaio.x86_64 0:0.3.109-13.el7                                                                                                    

Complete!

MySQL二进制目录说明：

Directory	Contents of Directory
bin	mysqld server, client and utility programs
docs	MySQL manual in Info format
man	Unix manual pages
include	Include (header) files
lib	Libraries
share	Error messages, dictionary, and SQL for database installation
support-files	Miscellaneous support files

解压软件：

[root@rhelb soft]# tar -xzvf mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz 

[root@rhelb soft]# mv mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql

创建相关用户：

[root@rhelb mysql]# groupadd mysql

[root@rhelb mysql]# useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql

[root@rhelb mysql]# cd /usr/local

[root@rhelb local]# mkdir /data

[root@rhelb local]# chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/

[root@rhelb local]# chown -R mysql:mysql /data/

[root@rhelb local]# chmod 750 /data/

初始化数据库：

查看mysqld参数：

root@rhelb mysql]# bin/mysqld --verbose --help |more

mysqld: Can't change dir to '/var/lib/mysql/' (Errcode: 2 - No such file or directory)

bin/mysqld  Ver 5.7.18 for linux-glibc2.5 on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server (GPL))

Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its

affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective

owners.

Starts the MySQL database server.

Usage: bin/mysqld [OPTIONS]

Default options are read from the following files in the given order:

/etc/my.cnf /etc/mysql/my.cnf /usr/local/mysql/etc/my.cnf ~/.my.cnf 

The following groups are read: mysqld server mysqld-5.7

The following options may be given as the first argument:

......

[root@rhelb mysql]# ./bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/data/ --datadir=/data/

2018-08-21T09:11:34.367385Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).

2018-08-21T09:11:34.367604Z 0 [ERROR] Can't find error-message file '/data/share/errmsg.sys'. Check error-message file location and 'lc-messages-dir' configuration directive.

2018-08-21T09:11:34.632615Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790

2018-08-21T09:11:34.705037Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.

2018-08-21T09:11:34.997455Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 33b8197c-a522-11e8-83a6-080027073030.

2018-08-21T09:11:35.001885Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.

2018-08-21T09:11:35.004186Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: kdivr2ax2P,K

root初始化密码kdivr2ax2P,K

[root@rhelb mysql]# ls -lrt /data/

total 110628

-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 50331648 Aug 21 05:11 ib_logfile1

-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql       56 Aug 21 05:11 auto.cnf

drwxr-x--- 2 mysql mysql     8192 Aug 21 05:11 performance_schema

drwxr-x--- 2 mysql mysql     4096 Aug 21 05:11 mysql

drwxr-x--- 2 mysql mysql     8192 Aug 21 05:11 sys

-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql      419 Aug 21 05:11 ib_buffer_pool

-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 50331648 Aug 21 05:11 ib_logfile0

-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 12582912 Aug 21 05:11 ibdata1

配置ssl，会话安全方面考虑，如不需要可以不配置

[root@rhelb mysql]# bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup

Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key

.................................+++

...+++

writing new private key to 'ca-key.pem'

-----

Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key

..........................................................................+++

.+++

writing new private key to 'server-key.pem'

-----

Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key

..............................+++

..................................................................+++

writing new private key to 'client-key.pem'

配置参数文件，如果不配置[client]客户端连接时提示/tmp/socket.sock

[root@rhelb etc]# vi /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]

port = 3306

pid-file = /data/mysql3306.pid

datadir = /data/

socket = /data/mysql3306.sock

slow_query_log_file = /data/slow.log

log-error = /data/error.log

[client]

socket = /data/mysql3306.sock   

MySQL取消安全隐患：

 a)为root用户设置密码
  b)删除匿名账号
  c)取消root用户远程登录
  d)删除test库和对test库的访问权限
  e)刷新授权表使修改生效

root@rhelb mysql]# bin/mysql_secure_installation 

Securing the MySQL server deployment.

Enter password for user root: 

Error: Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/tmp/mysql.sock' (2)

[root@rhelb mysql]# bin/mysql_secure_installation -S /data/mysql3306.sock

Securing the MySQL server deployment.

Enter password for user root: 

Error: Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)

[root@rhelb mysql]# bin/mysql_secure_installation -S /data/mysql3306.sock

Securing the MySQL server deployment.

Enter password for user root:       <<——日志中临时生成的密码

The existing password for the user account root has expired. Please set a new password.

New password: 

Re-enter new password: 

VALIDATE PASSWORD PLUGIN can be used to test passwords

and improve security. It checks the strength of password

and allows the users to set only those passwords which are

secure enough. Would you like to setup VALIDATE PASSWORD plugin?

Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No: Y

There are three levels of password validation policy:

LOW    Length >= 8

MEDIUM Length >= 8, numeric, mixed case, and special characters

STRONG Length >= 8, numeric, mixed case, special characters and dictionary                  file

Please enter 0 = LOW, 1 = MEDIUM and 2 = STRONG: 1

Using existing password for root.

Estimated strength of the password: 100 

Change the password for root ? ((Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) :    

 ... skipping.

By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user,

allowing anyone to log into MySQL without having to have

a user account created for them. This is intended only for

testing, and to make the installation go a bit smoother.

You should remove them before moving into a production

environment.

Remove anonymous users? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y

Success.

Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from

'localhost'. This ensures that someone cannot guess at

the root password from the network.

Disallow root login remotely? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y

Success.

By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that

anyone can access. This is also intended only for testing,

and should be removed before moving into a production

environment.

Remove test database and access to it? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y

 - Dropping test database...

Success.

 - Removing privileges on test database...

Success.

Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes

made so far will take effect immediately.

Reload privilege tables now? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y

Success.

All done! 

配置服务启动：

[root@rhelb mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/

[root@rhelb mysql]# service mysql.server start

Starting MySQL. SUCCESS! 

[root@rhelb mysql]# ps -ef | grep mysql

root      3486     1  0 05:51 pts/2    00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/data/ --pid-file=/data/mysql3306.pid

mysql     3653  3486  6 05:51 pts/2    00:00:00 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/data/error.log --pid-file=/data/mysql3306.pid --socket=/data/mysql3306.sock --port=3306

root      3685  2711  0 05:51 pts/2    00:00:00 grep --color=auto mysql

[root@rhelb etc]# mysql -uroot -p

Enter password: 

Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 4

Server version: 5.7.18 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its

affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective

owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> status;

--------------

mysql  Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.18, for linux-glibc2.5 (x86_64) using  EditLine wrapper

Connection id:          4

Current database:

Current user:           root@localhost

SSL:                    Not in use

Current pager:          stdout

Using outfile:          ''

Using delimiter:        ;

Server version:         5.7.18 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Protocol version:       10

Connection:             Localhost via UNIX socket

Server characterset:    latin1

Db     characterset:    latin1

Client characterset:    utf8

Conn.  characterset:    utf8

UNIX socket:            /data/mysql3306.sock

Uptime:                 12 sec

Threads: 1  Questions: 6  Slow queries: 0  Opens: 105  Flush tables: 1  Open tables: 98  Queries per second avg: 0.500

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