django强大的功能之一,提供了admin后台管理界面,简单配置就可对数据库内容作管理;
mysite/mysite/settings.py
INSTALLED_APPS = [
# 'users.apps.UsersConfig',
'blog.apps.BlogConfig',
'publish.apps.PublishConfig',
'bootstrap3',
'books.apps.BooksConfig',
'polls.apps.PollsConfig',
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth', #依赖1
'django.contrib.contenttypes', #依赖2
'django.contrib.sessions', #依赖3
'django.contrib.messages', #依赖4
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
]
TEMPLATES = [
{
'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
# 'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.jinja2.Jinja2',
'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates')],
'APP_DIRS': True,
'OPTIONS': {
'context_processors': [
'django.template.context_processors.debug',
'django.template.context_processors.request',
'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
],
},
},
]
MIDDLEWARE = [
'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]
mysite/mysite/urls.py
urlpatterns = [
# url(r'^$', index),
# url(r'^hello/$', hello),
# url(r'^polls/', include('polls.urls')),
# url(r'^polls/', include('polls.urls', app_name='polls')),
# url(r'^polls/', include('polls.urls', namespace='polls')),
# url(r'^books/', include('books.urls')),
# url(r'^sendmail/', include('sendmail.urls')),
# url(r'publish/', include('publish.urls')),
url(r'blog/', include('blog.urls')),
url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
]
以上是前4步;
5、${app_dir}/admin.py,给每个模型创建一个ModelAdmin类,封装模型自定义的Admin功能和选项;
6、注册ModelAdmin;
到此,可通过绑定的url来访问管理站点,默认是/admin/;
注:
默认,is_superuser和is_staff双重身份才能在admin中进行管理和修改;
当只有is_staff,能进入后台但不能进行任何操作;
当只有is_superuser,不能进入admin;
>>> from django.contrib.auth.models import User
>>> User.objects.all()
<QuerySet []>
>>> u = User.objects.create_user(username='jowin',email='jowin@ane56.com')
>>> u.set_password('jowin')
>>> u.save()
>>> u
<User: jowin>
>>> u.is_superuser
False
>>> u.is_superuser=True
>>> u.is_staff
False
>>> u.is_staff=True
>>> u.save()
>>> u.is_active
True
>>> quit()
django默认会到${app_name}下找admin.py模块;
自动根据model的field类型设置form类型;
label名称,定义model field时指定verbose_name;
exclude,排除某字段,不展示;
fields,显示某字段;
date_hierarchy,添加日期标签过滤;
ordering,排序;
search_fields,搜索某列;
list_display,列表显示更多列;
list_filter;
mysite/blog/admin.py
from django.contrib import admin
from .models import Blog, Author, Entry
# admin.site.register(Blog) #方式1
# admin.site.register(Author)
# admin.site.register(Entry)
@admin.register(Blog) #方式2
class BlogAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
pass
@admin.register(Entry)
class EntryAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
pass
@admin.register(Author)
class AuthorAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
pass
def authors_display(obj):
return ', '.join([ author.name for author in obj.authors.all()])
authors_display.short_description = 'Authors'
def make_pub_date_to_now(modeladmin, request, queryset):
queryset.update(pub_date=timezone.now())
make_pub_date_to_now.short_description = '批量修改发布日期为今天'
@admin.register(Entry)
class EntryAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
exclude = ('n_comments', 'n_pingbacks')
date_hierarchy = 'pub_date'
search_fields = ('headline', 'body_text')
list_display = ('headline', 'blog', 'pub_date', authors_display)
actions = [make_pub_date_to_now]
注:
web页上label(form label),对应models.py中的verbose_name;
注:
与代码中authors_display.short_description = 'Authors'对应;
注:
Actions与代码中actions = [make_pub_date_to_now]对应;
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