如何实现springboot缓存技术?相信很多没有经验的人对此束手无策,为此本文总结了问题出现的原因和解决方法,通过这篇文章希望你能解决这个问题。
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spring 缓存支持
spring定义了 org.springframework.cache.CacheManager和org.springframework.cache.Cache接口来统一不同的缓存技术。其中,CacheManager是Spring提供的各种缓存技术抽象接口,Cache接口包含了缓存的各种操作(增加、删除获得缓存,我门一般不会直接和此接口打交道)
spring 支持的CacheManager
针对不同的缓存技术,需要实现不同的CacheManager ,spring 定义了如下表的CacheManager实现。
实现任意一种CacheManager 的时候,需要注册实现CacheManager的bean,当然每种缓存技术都有很多额外的配置,但配置CacheManager 是必不可少的。
声明式缓存注解
spring提供了4个注解来声明缓存规则(又是使用注解式的AOP的一个生动例子),如表。
开启声明式缓存
开启声明式缓存支持非常简单,只需要在配置类上使用@EnabelCaching 注解即可。
springBoot 的支持
在spring中国年使用缓存技术的关键是配置CacheManager 而springbok 为我门自动配置了多个CacheManager的实现。在spring boot 环境下,使用缓存技术只需要在项目中导入相关缓存技术的依赖包,并配置类使用@EnabelCaching开启缓存支持即可。
小例子
小例子是使用 springboot+jpa +cache 实现的。
实例步骤目录
创建maven项目
数据库配置
jpa配置和cache配置
编写bean 和dao层
编写service层
编写controller
启动cache
测试校验
1.创建maven项目
新建maven 项目pom.xml文件如下内容如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.us</groupId> <artifactId>springboot-Cache</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>1.3.0.RELEASE</version> </parent> <properties> <start-class>com.us.Application</start-class> <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target> <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source> </properties> <!-- Add typical dependencies for a web application --> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-cache</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>net.sf.ehcache</groupId> <artifactId>ehcache</artifactId> </dependency> <!--db--> <dependency> <groupId>MySQL</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> <version>6.0.5</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.mchange</groupId> <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId> <version>0.9.5.2</version> <exclusions> <exclusion> <groupId>commons-logging</groupId> <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId> </exclusion> </exclusions> </dependency> </dependencies> </project>
2.数据库配置
在src/main/esouces目录下新建application.properties 文件,内容为数据库连接信息,如下:
application.properties
ms.db.driverClassName=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver ms.db.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/cache?prepStmtCacheSize=517&cachePrepStmts=true&autoReconnect=true&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=false&allowMultiQueries=true ms.db.username=root ms.db.password=xxxxxx ms.db.maxActive=500
新建DBConfig.java 配置文件,配置数据源
package com.us.example.config; /** * Created by yangyibo on 17/1/13. */ import java.beans.PropertyVetoException; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.core.env.Environment; import com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource; @Configuration public class DBConfig { @Autowired private Environment env; @Bean(name="dataSource") public ComboPooledDataSource dataSource() throws PropertyVetoException { ComboPooledDataSource dataSource = new ComboPooledDataSource(); dataSource.setDriverClass(env.getProperty("ms.db.driverClassName")); dataSource.setJdbcUrl(env.getProperty("ms.db.url")); dataSource.setUser(env.getProperty("ms.db.username")); dataSource.setPassword(env.getProperty("ms.db.password")); dataSource.setMaxPoolSize(20); dataSource.setMinPoolSize(5); dataSource.setInitialPoolSize(10); dataSource.setMaxIdleTime(300); dataSource.setAcquireIncrement(5); dataSource.setIdleConnectionTestPeriod(60); return dataSource; } }
数据库设计,数据库只有一张Person表,设计如下:
3.jpa配置
spring-data- jpa 配置文件如下:
package com.us.example.config; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map; import javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory; import javax.sql.DataSource; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.config.EnableJpaRepositories; import org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager; import org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean; import org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter; import org.springframework.transaction.PlatformTransactionManager; import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.EnableTransactionManagement; /** * Created by yangyibo on 17/1/13. */ @Configuration @EnableJpaRepositories("com.us.example.dao") @EnableTransactionManagement @ComponentScan public class JpaConfig { @Autowired private DataSource dataSource; @Bean public EntityManagerFactory entityManagerFactory() { HibernateJpaVendorAdapter vendorAdapter = new HibernateJpaVendorAdapter(); LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean factory = new LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean(); factory.setJpaVendorAdapter(vendorAdapter); factory.setPackagesToScan("com.us.example.bean"); factory.setDataSource(dataSource); Map<String, Object> jpaProperties = new HashMap<>(); jpaProperties.put("hibernate.ejb.naming_strategy","org.hibernate.cfg.ImprovedNamingStrategy"); jpaProperties.put("hibernate.jdbc.batch_size",50); factory.setJpaPropertyMap(jpaProperties); factory.afterPropertiesSet(); return factory.getObject(); } @Bean public PlatformTransactionManager transactionManager() { JpaTransactionManager txManager = new JpaTransactionManager(); txManager.setEntityManagerFactory(entityManagerFactory()); return txManager; } }
4.编写bean 和dao层
实体类 Person.java
package com.us.example.bean; import javax.persistence.Entity; import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue; import javax.persistence.Id; import javax.persistence.Table; /** * Created by yangyibo on 17/1/13. */ @Entity @Table(name = "Person") public class Person { @Id @GeneratedValue private Long id; private String name; private Integer age; private String address; public Person() { super(); } public Person(Long id, String name, Integer age, String address) { super(); this.id = id; this.name = name; this.age = age; this.address = address; } public Long getId() { return id; } public void setId(Long id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public Integer getAge() { return age; } public void setAge(Integer age) { this.age = age; } public String getAddress() { return address; } public void setAddress(String address) { this.address = address; } }
dao层,PersonRepository.java
package com.us.example.dao; import com.us.example.bean.Person; import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository; /** * Created by yangyibo on 17/1/13. */ public interface PersonRepository extends JpaRepository<Person, Long> { }
5.编写service层
service 接口
package com.us.example.service; import com.us.example.bean.Person; /** * Created by yangyibo on 17/1/13. */ public interface DemoService { public Person save(Person person); public void remove(Long id); public Person findOne(Person person); }
实现:(重点,此处加缓存)
package com.us.example.service.Impl; import com.us.example.bean.Person; import com.us.example.dao.PersonRepository; import com.us.example.service.DemoService; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.cache.annotation.CacheEvict; import org.springframework.cache.annotation.CachePut; import org.springframework.cache.annotation.Cacheable; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; /** * Created by yangyibo on 17/1/13. */ @Service public class DemoServiceImpl implements DemoService { @Autowired private PersonRepository personRepository; @Override //@CachePut缓存新增的或更新的数据到缓存,其中缓存名字是 people 。数据的key是person的id @CachePut(value = "people", key = "#person.id") public Person save(Person person) { Person p = personRepository.save(person); System.out.println("为id、key为:"+p.getId()+"数据做了缓存"); return p; } @Override //@CacheEvict 从缓存people中删除key为id 的数据 @CacheEvict(value = "people") public void remove(Long id) { System.out.println("删除了id、key为"+id+"的数据缓存"); //这里不做实际删除操作 } @Override //@Cacheable缓存key为person 的id 数据到缓存people 中,如果没有指定key则方法参数作为key保存到缓存中。 @Cacheable(value = "people", key = "#person.id") public Person findOne(Person person) { Person p = personRepository.findOne(person.getId()); System.out.println("为id、key为:"+p.getId()+"数据做了缓存"); return p; } }
6.编写controller
为了测试方便请求方式都用了get
package com.us.example.controller; import com.us.example.bean.Person; import com.us.example.service.DemoService; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; /** * Created by yangyibo on 17/1/13. */ @RestController public class CacheController { @Autowired private DemoService demoService; //http://localhost:8080/put?name=abel&age=23&address=shanghai @RequestMapping("/put") public Person put(Person person){ return demoService.save(person); } //http://localhost:8080/able?id=1 @RequestMapping("/able") @ResponseBody public Person cacheable(Person person){ return demoService.findOne(person); } //http://localhost:8080/evit?id=1 @RequestMapping("/evit") public String evit(Long id){ demoService.remove(id); return "ok"; } }
7.启动cache
启动类中要记得开启缓存配置。
package com.us.example; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.cache.annotation.EnableCaching; import org.springframework.context.ConfigurableApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan; import static org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.*; /** * Created by yangyibo on 17/1/13. */ @ComponentScan(basePackages ="com.us.example") @SpringBootApplication @EnableCaching public class Application { public static void main(String[] args) { ConfigurableApplicationContext run = run(Application.class, args); } }
8.测试校验检验able:
启动Application 类,启动后在浏览器输入:http://localhost:8080/able?id=1(首先要在数据库中初始化几条数据。)
控制台输出:
“为id、key为:1数据做了缓存“ 此时已经为此次查询做了缓存,再次查询该条数据将不会出现此条语句,也就是不查询数据库了。
检验put
在浏览器输入:http://localhost:8080/put?name=abel&age=23&address=shanghai(向数据库插入一条数据,并将数据放入缓存。)
此时控制台输出为该条记录做了缓存:
然后再次调用able 方法,查询该条数据,将不再查询数据库,直接从缓存中读取数据。
测试evit
在浏览器输入:http://localhost:8080/evit?id=1(将该条记录从缓存中清楚,清除后,在次访问该条记录,将会重新将该记录放入缓存。)
控制台输出:
切换缓存
1.切换为EhCache作为缓存
pom.xml 文件中添加依赖
<dependency> <groupId>net.sf.ehcache</groupId> <artifactId>ehcache</artifactId> </dependency>
在resource 文件夹下新建ehcache的配置文件ehcache.xml 内容如下,此文件spring boot 会自动扫描
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <ehcache> <!--切换为ehcache 缓存时使用--> <cache name="people" maxElementsInMemory="1000" /> </ehcache>
2.切换为Guava作为缓存
只需要在pom中添加依赖
<dependency> <groupId>com.google.guava</groupId> <artifactId>guava</artifactId> <version>18.0</version> </dependency>
看完上述内容,你们掌握如何实现springboot缓存技术的方法了吗?如果还想学到更多技能或想了解更多相关内容,欢迎关注创新互联行业资讯频道,感谢各位的阅读!
本文标题:如何实现springboot缓存技术
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