mysql-mmm主主复制定义与解析-创新互联

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mysql-MMM主主复制

MMM（Master-Master replication manager for MySQL）是一套支持双主故障切换和双主日常管理的脚本程序,主要管理双主复制，而实际上在应用中只有一个主负责写的操作，另一台待机冗余，或者负责读的一部分操作。还可以结合主从复制，分离读写请求。

mmm分为agent端和monitor端，agent端部署在数据库节点上，monitor部署在监控管理端。monitor在整个数据库集群中是唯一存在的单点故障的点，因为monitor端只复制监控和管理agent节点，任务量非常的轻，一般不会出现什么故障的，而且monitor端在为agent数据库云服务器分配完vip地址后，即使停止了monitor服务，也不会影响业务的，只需要及时的修复即可。实在不放心可以为monitor部署keepalived.

环境

主机名：	系统：	IP地址：	安装软件：	数据库角色
m1	centos6.5	192.168.100.150	mysql mysql-server mysql-mmm*	master
m2	centos6.5	192.168.100.151	mysql mysql-server mysql-mmm*	master
m3	centos6.5	192.168.100.152	mysql mysql-server mysql-mmm*	slave
m4	centos6.5	192.168.100.153	mysql mysql-server mysql-mmm*	slave
monitor	centos6.5	192.168.100.154	mysql mysql-mmm*	monitor监控

数据库角色，和对应vip：

主机：	vip	角色
m1	192.168.100.250	write	负责写的操作
m2	192.168.100.250	write	平时不工作，待机冗余
m3	192.168.100.201	read	读的操作
m4	192.168.100.202	read	读的操作

修改主机名：依次修改m1 m2 m3 m4 monitor

分别在m1 - m4 安装mysql服务：

[root@m1 ~]# yum -y install mysql mysql-server mysql-devel[root@m2 ~]# yum -y install mysql mysql-server mysql-devel[root@m3 ~]# yum -y install mysql mysql-server mysql-devel[root@m4 ~]# yum -y install mysql mysql-server mysql-devel

修改m1的mysql主配置文件：

[root@m1 ~]# vi /etc/my.cnf [mysqld] datadir=/var/lib/mysql socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock log-error=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.err slow_query_log_file=/var/lib/mysql/slow_query_log.log user=mysql character-set-server=utf8 log-bin=mysql-bin server-id=150 binlog-ignore-db=mysql,information_schema log-slave-updates sync_binlog=1 auto_increment_increment=2 auto_increment_offset=1 [client] default_character_set=utf8 [mysqld_safe] log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

启动mysql服务，查看是否启动

[root@m1 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start [root@m1 ~]# netstat -utpln |grep 3306

tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1359/mysqld

将mysql的主配置文件同步到m2、m3、m4服务器上

[root@m1 ~]# for i in 1 2 3;do scp /etc/my.cnf root@192.168.100.15$i:/etc/;done The authenticity of host '192.168.100.151 (192.168.100.151)' can't be established. RSA key fingerprint is 6b:3d:8b:50:dc:45:ea:58:38:6e:5d:0d:9b:8f:04:f2. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes Warning: Permanently added '192.168.100.151' (RSA) to the list of known hosts. root@192.168.100.151's password: my.cnf 100% 465 0.5KB/s 00:00 The authenticity of host '192.168.100.152 (192.168.100.152)' can't be established. RSA key fingerprint is 6b:3d:8b:50:dc:45:ea:58:38:6e:5d:0d:9b:8f:04:f2. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes Warning: Permanently added '192.168.100.152' (RSA) to the list of known hosts. root@192.168.100.152's password: my.cnf 100% 465 0.5KB/s 00:00 The authenticity of host '192.168.100.153 (192.168.100.153)' can't be established. RSA key fingerprint is 6b:3d:8b:50:dc:45:ea:58:38:6e:5d:0d:9b:8f:04:f2. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes Warning: Permanently added '192.168.100.153' (RSA) to the list of known hosts. root@192.168.100.153's password: my.cnf 100% 465 0.5KB/s 00:00

登陆数据库查看该数据库的bin-log文件名和偏移量：

记下File Position的信息，等会要在m1-m2-m3数据库上用到。

[root@m1 ~]# mysqladmin -uroot password 123123 [root@m1 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123123 mysql> show master status; +------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | +------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+ | mysql-bin.000003 | 249 | | mysql,information_schema | +------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)

授权允许复制

mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'replication'@'192.168.100.%' identified by '123123'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec) ##授权replication用户在192.168.100.0这个网段有对数据库复制的权限 mysql> flush privileges; ##刷新权限 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> quit Bye

更改m2数据库配置文件

这是m1服务器同步过来的配置文件，只需将server-id改了就可以了，server-id在mysql集群中是唯一的标识符，在这里以ip地址结尾定义了

[root@m2 ~]# sed -i '/server-id/s/150/151/g' /etc/my.cnf [root@m2 ~]# grep id /etc/my.cnf server-id=151 pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

启动登入数据库

[root@m2 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start [root@m2 ~]# mysqladmin -uroot password 123123 [root@m2 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123123

在m2上查看bin-log文件和偏移量记录下来，并授权用户复制权限

mysql> show master status; +------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | +------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+ | mysql-bin.000003 | 249 | | mysql,information_schema | +------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'replication'@'192.168.100.%' identified by '123123'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> flush privileges; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)

在m1上添加另一个主m2 同步数据

[root@m1 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123123 mysql> change master to -> master_host='192.168.100.151', ##m2的ip -> master_user='replication', ##m2上面授权的用户 -> master_password='123123', ##m2上授权用户的密码 -> master_log_file='mysql-bin.000003', ##m2的bin-log文件（刚刚在m2上查到的） -> master_log_pos=249; ##日志文件的偏移量 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.08 sec)

指定完了以后启动同步

mysql> start slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

查看同步状态信息：

这两项都为yes算是成功了

Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

mysql> show slave status\G; *************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: 192.168.100.151 Master_User: replication Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 495 Relay_Log_File: mysqld-relay-bin.000002 Relay_Log_Pos: 497 Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes Replicate_Do_DB: Replicate_Ignore_DB: Replicate_Do_Table: Replicate_Ignore_Table: Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: Last_Errno: 0 Last_Error: Skip_Counter: 0 Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 495 Relay_Log_Space: 653 Until_Condition: None Until_Log_File: Until_Log_Pos: 0 Master_SSL_Allowed: No Master_SSL_CA_File: Master_SSL_CA_Path: Master_SSL_Cert: Master_SSL_Cipher: Master_SSL_Key: Seconds_Behind_Master: 0 Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No Last_IO_Errno: 0 Last_IO_Error: Last_SQL_Errno: 0 Last_SQL_Error: 1 row in set (0.00 sec) ERROR: No query specified

在m2上添加m2的另一个主m1：

mysql> change master to -> master_host='192.168.100.150', -> master_user='replication', -> master_password='123123', -> master_log_file='mysql-bin.000003', -> master_log_pos=249; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.10 sec) mysql> start slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> show slave status\G; *************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: 192.168.100.150 Master_User: replication Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 741 Relay_Log_File: mysqld-relay-bin.000002 Relay_Log_Pos: 497 Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes Replicate_Do_DB: Replicate_Ignore_DB: Replicate_Do_Table: Replicate_Ignore_Table: Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: Last_Errno: 0 Last_Error: Skip_Counter: 0 Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 741 Relay_Log_Space: 653 Until_Condition: None Until_Log_File: Until_Log_Pos: 0 Master_SSL_Allowed: No Master_SSL_CA_File: Master_SSL_CA_Path: Master_SSL_Cert: Master_SSL_Cipher: Master_SSL_Key: Seconds_Behind_Master: 0 Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No Last_IO_Errno: 0 Last_IO_Error: Last_SQL_Errno: 0 Last_SQL_Error: 1 row in set (0.00 sec) ERROR: No query specified

验证：

在m1和m2上各创建个库验证是否同步：

m1上创建

m2上查看

m2上新建库

mysql> create database test_m2; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)

m1上查看

正常同步了。

在m3-m4从数据库上指定主的数据库

[root@m3 ~]# sed -i '/server-id/s/150/152/g' /etc/my.cnf [root@m3 ~]# grep id /etc/my.cnf server-id=152 pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid [root@m3 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start[root@m3 ~]# mysqladmin -uroot password 123123 [root@m3 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123123mysql> change master to -> master_host='192.168.100.150', -> master_user='replication', -> master_password='123123', -> master_log_file='mysql-bin.000003', -> master_log_pos=249; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.08 sec)mysql> start slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)mysql> show slave status\G; *************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: 192.168.100.150 Master_User: replication Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 929 Relay_Log_File: mysqld-relay-bin.000002 Relay_Log_Pos: 931 Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes Replicate_Do_DB: Replicate_Ignore_DB: Replicate_Do_Table: Replicate_Ignore_Table: Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: Last_Errno: 0 Last_Error: Skip_Counter: 0 Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 929 Relay_Log_Space: 1087 Until_Condition: None Until_Log_File: Until_Log_Pos: 0 Master_SSL_Allowed: No Master_SSL_CA_File: Master_SSL_CA_Path: Master_SSL_Cert: Master_SSL_Cipher: Master_SSL_Key: Seconds_Behind_Master: 0 Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No Last_IO_Errno: 0 Last_IO_Error: Last_SQL_Errno: 0 Last_SQL_Error: 1 row in set (0.04 sec) ERROR: No query specifiedmysql> show databases -> ; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | m1_test | | mysql | | test | | test_m2 | +--------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.08 sec) mysql>[root@m4 ~]# sed -i '/server-id/s/150/153/g' /etc/my.cnf [root@m4 ~]# grep id /etc/my.cnf server-id=153 pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid [root@m4 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start [root@m4 ~]# mysqladmin -uroot password 123123 [root@m4 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123123mysql> change master to -> master_host='192.168.100.150', -> master_user='replication', -> master_password='123123', -> master_log_file='mysql-bin.000003', -> master_log_pos=249; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.10 sec)mysql> start slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)mysql> show slave status\G; *************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: 192.168.100.150 Master_User: replication Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 929 Relay_Log_File: mysqld-relay-bin.000002 Relay_Log_Pos: 931 Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes Replicate_Do_DB: Replicate_Ignore_DB: Replicate_Do_Table: Replicate_Ignore_Table: Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: Last_Errno: 0 Last_Error: Skip_Counter: 0 Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 929 Relay_Log_Space: 1087 Until_Condition: None Until_Log_File: Until_Log_Pos: 0 Master_SSL_Allowed: No Master_SSL_CA_File: Master_SSL_CA_Path: Master_SSL_Cert: Master_SSL_Cipher: Master_SSL_Key: Seconds_Behind_Master: 0 Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No Last_IO_Errno: 0 Last_IO_Error: Last_SQL_Errno: 0 Last_SQL_Error: 1 row in set (0.00 sec) ERROR: No query specifiedmysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | m1_test | | mysql | | test | | test_m2 | +--------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

安装mysql-mmm:

下载epel扩展yum源：在所用服务器上执行

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-6.repo

安装mmm软件：在所有服务器上执行

yum -y install mysql-mmm*

授权：在m1上授权，其他主机会自动同步权限

[root@m1 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123123 mysql> grant replication client on *.* to 'mmm_monitor'@'192.168.100.%' identified by 'monitor'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec) mysql> grant super,replication client,process on *.* to 'mmm_agent'@'192.168.100.&' identified by 'agent'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> flush privileges; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

修改配置文件： mmm_common.conf（所有节点的通用配置文件）

[root@monitor ~]# vi /etc/mysql-mmm/mmm_common.conf

active_master_role writer <host default> cluster_interface eth0 pid_path /var/run/mysql-mmm/mmm_agentd.pid bin_path /usr/libexec/mysql-mmm/ replication_user replication ##复制同步的用户名 replication_password 123123 ##同步的密码 agent_user mmm_agent ##代理的用户名 agent_password agent ##代理密码 </host> <host db1> ip 192.168.100.150 mode master peer db2 </host> <host db2> ip 192.168.100.151 mode master peer db1 </host> <host db3> ip 192.168.100.152 mode slave </host> <host db4> ip 192.168.100.153 mode slave </host> <role writer> hosts db1, db2 ips 192.168.100.250 ##写的vip mode exclusive ##独占模式 </role> <role reader> hosts db3, db4 ips 192.168.100.201, 192.168.100.202 ##读的vip mode balanced ##平衡模式 </role>

同步配置文件到m1 m2 m3 m4 上：

[root@monitor ~]# for i in 150 151 152 153;do scp /etc/mysql-mmm/mmm_common.conf root@192.168.100.$i:/etc/mysql-mmm/;done The authenticity of host '192.168.100.150 (192.168.100.150)' can't be established. RSA key fingerprint is 6b:3d:8b:50:dc:45:ea:58:38:6e:5d:0d:9b:8f:04:f2. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes Warning: Permanently added '192.168.100.150' (RSA) to the list of known hosts. root@192.168.100.150's password: mmm_common.conf 100% 851 0.8KB/s 00:00 The authenticity of host '192.168.100.151 (192.168.100.151)' can't be established. RSA key fingerprint is 6b:3d:8b:50:dc:45:ea:58:38:6e:5d:0d:9b:8f:04:f2. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes Warning: Permanently added '192.168.100.151' (RSA) to the list of known hosts. root@192.168.100.151's password: mmm_common.conf 100% 851 0.8KB/s 00:00 The authenticity of host '192.168.100.152 (192.168.100.152)' can't be established. RSA key fingerprint is 6b:3d:8b:50:dc:45:ea:58:38:6e:5d:0d:9b:8f:04:f2. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes Warning: Permanently added '192.168.100.152' (RSA) to the list of known hosts. root@192.168.100.152's password: mmm_common.conf 100% 851 0.8KB/s 00:00 The authenticity of host '192.168.100.153 (192.168.100.153)' can't be established. RSA key fingerprint is 6b:3d:8b:50:dc:45:ea:58:38:6e:5d:0d:9b:8f:04:f2. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes Warning: Permanently added '192.168.100.153' (RSA) to the list of known hosts. root@192.168.100.153's password: mmm_common.conf 100% 851 0.8KB/s 00:00

修改数据库mysql-m1到mysql-m4：

[root@m1 ~]# vi /etc/mysql-mmm/mmm_agent.conf [root@m1 ~]# cat /etc/mysql-mmm/mmm_agent.conf include mmm_common.conf this db1[root@m2 ~]# vi /etc/mysql-mmm/mmm_agent.conf [root@m2 ~]# cat /etc/mysql-mmm/mmm_agent.conf include mmm_common.conf this db2[root@m3 ~]# vi /etc/mysql-mmm/mmm_agent.conf [root@m3 ~]# cat /etc/mysql-mmm/mmm_agent.conf include mmm_common.conf this db3[root@m4 ~]# vi /etc/mysql-mmm/mmm_agent.conf [root@m4 ~]# cat /etc/mysql-mmm/mmm_agent.conf include mmm_common.conf this db4[root@monitor ~]# vi /etc/mysql-mmm/mmm_mon.conf [root@monitor ~]# cat /etc/mysql-mmm/mmm_mon.conf include mmm_common.conf <monitor> ip 127.0.0.1 pid_path /var/run/mysql-mmm/mmm_mond.pid bin_path /usr/libexec/mysql-mmm status_path /var/lib/mysql-mmm/mmm_mond.status ping_ips 192.168.100.150, 192.168.100.151, 192.168.100.152, 192.168.100.153 ##监测每个节点数据库：修改为每个服务器的真实ip地址 auto_set_online 60 ##自动上线时间， </monitor> <host default> monitor_user mmm_monitor ##监控服务的用户名 monitor_password monitor ##监控服务的密码，这两项是在m1上授权的 </host> debug 0

启动服务：m1-m4的mmm-agent服务; 监控端的mmm-monitor服务

[root@m1 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysql-mmm-agent start Starting MMM Agent Daemon: [确定] [root@m1 ~]#[root@m2 ~]# [root@m2 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysql-mmm-agent start Starting MMM Agent Daemon: [确定][root@m3 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysql-mmm-agent start Starting MMM Agent Daemon: [确定][root@m4 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysql-mmm-agent start Starting MMM Agent Daemon: [确定]

[root@monitor ~]# /etc/init.d/mysql-mmm-monitor start Starting MMM Monitor Daemon: [确定]

查看各代理数据库状态

[root@monitor ~]# mmm_control show db1(192.168.100.150) master/ONLINE. Roles: writer(192.168.100.250) db2(192.168.100.151) master/ONLINE. Roles: db3(192.168.100.152) slave/ONLINE. Roles: reader(192.168.100.201) db4(192.168.100.153) slave/ONLINE. Roles: reader(192.168.100.202)

##发现写的请求交给db1的vip，读的请求交给db3 db4 vip

使用vip登录数据库：

先在m1上授权：因为设置了同步，只在一个数据库上授权，其他数据库会同步权限

[root@m1 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123123 -s mysql> grant all on *.* to 'root'@192.168.100.154 identified by '123123'; mysql> flush privileges;[root@monitor ~]# mysql -uroot -p123123 -h 192.168.100.250 -s mysql> show databases; Database information_schema m1_test mysql test test_m2

登陆读的数据库：

[root@monitor ~]# mysql -uroot -p123123 -h 192.168.100.201 -s mysql> show databases; Database information_schema m1_test mysql test test_m2 mysql>

在生产环境中，只需在应用服务器上，指定写数据的vip地址，和读数据的vip地址池即可。

测试：

模拟主服务器m1故障,将mysql停止了,再查看状态：

[root@m1 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld stop 停止 mysqld： [确定] [root@m1 ~]#[root@monitor ~]# mmm_control show db1(192.168.100.150) master/HARD_OFFLINE. Roles: ##显示为离线状态 db2(192.168.100.151) master/ONLINE. Roles: writer(192.168.100.250) ##vip转移到db2 db3(192.168.100.152) slave/ONLINE. Roles: reader(192.168.100.201) db4(192.168.100.153) slave/ONLINE. Roles: reader(192.168.100.202)

再把m1启动

[root@m1 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start 正在启动 mysqld： [确定] [root@m1 ~]#[root@monitor ~]# mmm_control show db1(192.168.100.150) master/AWAITING_RECOVERY. Roles: ##恢复状态 db2(192.168.100.151) master/ONLINE. Roles: writer(192.168.100.250) db3(192.168.100.152) slave/ONLINE. Roles: reader(192.168.100.201) db4(192.168.100.153) slave/ONLINE. Roles: reader(192.168.100.202) [root@monitor ~]# mmm_control show db1(192.168.100.150) master/ONLINE. Roles: ##在线状态 db2(192.168.100.151) master/ONLINE. Roles: writer(192.168.100.250) db3(192.168.100.152) slave/ONLINE. Roles: reader(192.168.100.201) db4(192.168.100.153) slave/ONLINE. Roles: reader(192.168.100.202)

模拟从数据库m3故障，将数据库mysql停止查看状态，再启动查看状态

[root@m3 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld stop 停止 mysqld： [确定]

此时会将读数据库db3的vip转移到db4；db4暂时负责读的操作

[root@monitor ~]# mmm_control show db1(192.168.100.150) master/ONLINE. Roles: db2(192.168.100.151) master/ONLINE. Roles: writer(192.168.100.250) db3(192.168.100.152) slave/HARD_OFFLINE. Roles: db4(192.168.100.153) slave/ONLINE. Roles: reader(192.168.100.201), reader(192.168.100.202)[root@m3 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start 正在启动 mysqld： [确定] [root@m3 ~]#

在db3数据库恢复正常后，vip会转移回来，从新工作接受读的操作

[root@monitor ~]# mmm_control show db1(192.168.100.150) master/ONLINE. Roles: db2(192.168.100.151) master/ONLINE. Roles: writer(192.168.100.250) db3(192.168.100.152) slave/ONLINE. Roles: reader(192.168.100.201) db4(192.168.100.153) slave/ONLINE. Roles: reader(192.168.100.202)

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